[pull] main from python:main

Doc/c-api/type.rst

@@ -639,7 +639,7 @@ but need extra remarks for use as slots:
    in the following situations:
 
    - The base is not variable-sized (its
-     :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_itemsize`).
+     :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_itemsize` is zero).
    - The requested :c:member:`PyType_Spec.basicsize` is positive,
      suggesting that the memory layout of the base class is known.
    - The requested :c:member:`PyType_Spec.basicsize` is zero,

Doc/library/curses.rst

@@ -139,10 +139,13 @@ The module :mod:`!curses` defines the following functions:
 .. function:: color_pair(pair_number)
 
    Return the attribute value for displaying text in the specified color pair.
-   Only the first 256 color pairs are supported. This
-   attribute value can be combined with :const:`A_STANDOUT`, :const:`A_REVERSE`,
-   and the other :const:`!A_\*` attributes.  :func:`pair_number` is the counterpart
-   to this function.
+   Only color pairs that fit in the color-pair field of the returned value can
+   be represented (usually the first 256); a larger *pair_number* raises
+   :exc:`OverflowError` rather than being silently masked to a different pair.
+   Use :meth:`~window.color_set` or :meth:`~window.attr_set` to display higher
+   pairs.  This attribute value can be combined with :const:`A_STANDOUT`,
+   :const:`A_REVERSE`, and the other :const:`!A_\*` attributes.
+   :func:`pair_number` is the counterpart to this function.
 
 
 .. function:: curs_set(visibility)

Doc/library/tkinter.rst

@@ -885,6 +885,20 @@ they are denoted in Tk, which can be useful when referring to the Tk man pages.
 | %d | detail              | %D | delta               |
 +----+---------------------+----+---------------------+
 
+The ``add`` parameter above only affects the bindings you make yourself.
+Every widget also inherits *class bindings*
+that implement its standard behavior --
+for example a :class:`Text` widget binds :kbd:`Control-t`
+to transpose two characters.
+These are described in the bindings section of the widget's Tk man page
+(such as :manpage:`text(3tk)` or :manpage:`entry(3tk)`).
+
+Class bindings are processed separately from your own,
+so binding an event yourself does not replace the default; both run.
+To suppress an unwanted default binding,
+bind the event on the widget
+and return the string ``"break"`` from your callback.
+
 
 The index parameter
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Grammar/python.gram

@@ -819,6 +819,7 @@ is_bitwise_or[CmpopExprPair*]: 'is' a=bitwise_or { _PyPegen_cmpop_expr_pair(p, I
 
 bitwise_or[expr_ty]:
     | a=bitwise_or '|' b=bitwise_xor { _PyAST_BinOp(a, BitOr, b, EXTRA) }
+    | invalid_bitwise_or
     | bitwise_xor
 
 bitwise_xor[expr_ty]:
@@ -827,6 +828,7 @@ bitwise_xor[expr_ty]:
 
 bitwise_and[expr_ty]:
     | a=bitwise_and '&' b=shift_expr { _PyAST_BinOp(a, BitAnd, b, EXTRA) }
+    | invalid_bitwise_and
     | shift_expr
 
 shift_expr[expr_ty]:
@@ -1638,3 +1640,17 @@ invalid_type_params:
         RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_STARTING_FROM(
             token,
             "Type parameter list cannot be empty")}
+
+invalid_bitwise_and:
+    | a=bitwise_and b='&' c='&' {
+        _PyPegen_tokens_are_adjacent(b, c)
+        ? RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_RANGE(b, c, "invalid syntax.  Maybe you meant 'and' or '&' instead of '&&'?")
+        : NULL
+    }
+
+invalid_bitwise_or:
+    | a=bitwise_or b='|' c='|' {
+        _PyPegen_tokens_are_adjacent(b, c)
+        ? RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_RANGE(b, c, "invalid syntax.  Maybe you meant 'or' or '|' instead of '||'?")
+        : NULL
+    }

Include/cpython/pystate.h

@@ -143,6 +143,7 @@ struct _ts {
     struct _PyInterpreterFrame *base_frame;
 
     struct _PyInterpreterFrame *last_profiled_frame;
+    uintptr_t last_profiled_frame_seq;
 
     Py_tracefunc c_profilefunc;
     Py_tracefunc c_tracefunc;

Include/internal/pycore_debug_offsets.h

@@ -104,6 +104,7 @@ typedef struct _Py_DebugOffsets {
         uint64_t current_frame;
         uint64_t base_frame;
         uint64_t last_profiled_frame;
+        uint64_t last_profiled_frame_seq;
         uint64_t thread_id;
         uint64_t native_thread_id;
         uint64_t datastack_chunk;
@@ -294,6 +295,7 @@ typedef struct _Py_DebugOffsets {
         .current_frame = offsetof(PyThreadState, current_frame), \
         .base_frame = offsetof(PyThreadState, base_frame), \
         .last_profiled_frame = offsetof(PyThreadState, last_profiled_frame), \
+        .last_profiled_frame_seq = offsetof(PyThreadState, last_profiled_frame_seq), \
         .thread_id = offsetof(PyThreadState, thread_id), \
         .native_thread_id = offsetof(PyThreadState, native_thread_id), \
         .datastack_chunk = offsetof(PyThreadState, datastack_chunk), \

Include/internal/pycore_interpframe.h

@@ -319,12 +319,15 @@ _PyThreadState_GetFrame(PyThreadState *tstate)
 // This avoids corrupting the cache when transient frames (called and returned
 // between profiler samples) update last_profiled_frame to addresses the
 // profiler never saw.
+// The sequence distinguishes this anchor from a later frame that reuses the
+// same _PyInterpreterFrame address.
 #define _PyThreadState_UpdateLastProfiledFrame(tstate, frame, previous) \
     do { \
         PyThreadState *tstate_ = (tstate); \
         _PyInterpreterFrame *frame_ = (frame); \
         if (tstate_->last_profiled_frame == frame_) { \
             tstate_->last_profiled_frame = (previous); \
+            tstate_->last_profiled_frame_seq++; \
         } \
     } while (0)
 

InternalDocs/frames.md

@@ -142,22 +142,26 @@ since the frame chain may have been in an inconsistent state due to concurrent u
 
 ### Remote Profiling Frame Cache
 
-The `last_profiled_frame` field in `PyThreadState` supports an optimization for
-remote profilers that sample call stacks from external processes. When a remote
-profiler reads the call stack, it writes the current frame address to this field.
-The eval loop then keeps this pointer valid by updating it to the parent frame
-whenever a frame returns (in `_PyEval_FrameClearAndPop`).
+The `last_profiled_frame` and `last_profiled_frame_seq` fields in
+`PyThreadState` support an optimization for remote profilers that sample call
+stacks from external processes. When a remote profiler reads the call stack, it
+writes the current frame address to `last_profiled_frame`. The eval loop then
+keeps this pointer valid by updating it to the parent frame whenever a frame
+returns (in `_PyEval_FrameClearAndPop`) and increments the sequence.
 
 This creates a "high-water mark" that always points to a frame still on the stack.
 On subsequent samples, the profiler can walk from `current_frame` until it reaches
-`last_profiled_frame`, knowing that frames from that point downward are unchanged
-and can be retrieved from a cache. This significantly reduces the amount of remote
-memory reads needed when call stacks are deep and stable at their base.
-
-The update in `_PyEval_FrameClearAndPop` is guarded: it only writes when
-`last_profiled_frame` is non-NULL AND matches the frame being popped. This
-prevents transient frames (called and returned between profiler samples) from
-corrupting the cache pointer, while avoiding any overhead when profiling is inactive.
+`last_profiled_frame`, then validate the pointer and sequence before using cached
+callers. This prevents a later frame that reuses the same `_PyInterpreterFrame`
+address from being mistaken for the sampled frame. The cache significantly
+reduces the amount of remote memory reads needed when call stacks are deep and
+stable at their base.
+
+The update in `_PyEval_FrameClearAndPop` is guarded: it only advances the
+pointer and sequence when `last_profiled_frame` is non-NULL AND matches the
+frame being popped. This prevents transient frames (called and returned between
+profiler samples) from corrupting the cache anchor, while avoiding any overhead
+when profiling is inactive.
 
 
 ### The Instruction Pointer

Lib/_pydatetime.py

@@ -272,12 +272,12 @@ def _wrap_strftime(object, format, timetuple):
                     newformat.append(Zreplace)
                 # Note that datetime(1000, 1, 1).strftime('%G') == '1000' so
                 # year 1000 for %G can go on the fast path.
-                elif ((ch in 'YG' or ch in 'FC') and
-                        object.year < 1000 and _need_normalize_century()):
+                elif (ch in 'YGFC' and timetuple[0] < 1000 and
+                        _need_normalize_century()):
                     if ch == 'G':
                         year = int(_time.strftime("%G", timetuple))
                     else:
-                        year = object.year
+                        year = timetuple[0]
                     if ch == 'C':
                         push('{:02}'.format(year // 100))
                     else:

Lib/profiling/sampling/binary_collector.py

@@ -94,6 +94,7 @@ def export(self, filename=None):
             filename: Ignored (binary files are written incrementally)
         """
         self._writer.finalize()
+        return True
 
     @property
     def total_samples(self):

Lib/profiling/sampling/cli.py

@@ -117,6 +117,9 @@ def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):
     "binary": BinaryCollector,
 }
 
+BROWSER_COMPATIBLE_FORMATS = ("flamegraph", "diff_flamegraph", "heatmap")
+
+
 def _setup_child_monitor(args, parent_pid):
     # Build CLI args for child profilers (excluding --subprocesses to avoid recursion)
     child_cli_args = _build_child_profiler_args(args)
@@ -528,8 +531,12 @@ def _add_format_options(parser, include_compression=True, include_binary=True):
     output_group.add_argument(
         "--browser",
         action="store_true",
-        help="Automatically open HTML output (flamegraph, heatmap) in browser. "
-        "When using `--subprocesses`, only the main process opens the browser",
+        help=(
+            "Automatically open HTML output "
+            f"({', '.join('--' + f.replace('_', '-') for f in BROWSER_COMPATIBLE_FORMATS)}) "
+            "in browser. "
+            "When using `--subprocesses`, only the main process opens the browser"
+        ),
     )
 
 
@@ -789,13 +796,12 @@ def progress_callback(current, total):
             args.outfile
             or _generate_output_filename(args.format, os.getpid())
         )
-        collector.export(filename)
+        export_ok = collector.export(filename)
 
         # Auto-open browser for HTML output if --browser flag is set
         if (
-            args.format in (
-                'flamegraph', 'diff_flamegraph', 'heatmap'
-            )
+            export_ok
+            and args.format in BROWSER_COMPATIBLE_FORMATS
             and getattr(args, 'browser', False)
         ):
             _open_in_browser(filename)
@@ -840,10 +846,14 @@ def _handle_output(collector, args, pid, mode):
             filename = os.path.join(args.outfile, _generate_output_filename(args.format, pid))
         else:
             filename = args.outfile or _generate_output_filename(args.format, pid)
-        collector.export(filename)
+        export_ok = collector.export(filename)
 
         # Auto-open browser for HTML output if --browser flag is set
-        if args.format in ('flamegraph', 'diff_flamegraph', 'heatmap') and getattr(args, 'browser', False):
+        if (
+            export_ok
+            and args.format in BROWSER_COMPATIBLE_FORMATS
+            and getattr(args, 'browser', False)
+        ):
             _open_in_browser(filename)
 
 
@@ -875,13 +885,15 @@ def _validate_args(args, parser):
         if hasattr(args, 'live') and args.live:
             parser.error("--subprocesses is incompatible with --live mode.")
 
-    # Async-aware mode is incompatible with --native, --no-gc, --mode, and --all-threads
+    # Async-aware mode is incompatible with options that need thread data.
     if getattr(args, 'async_aware', False):
         issues = []
         if getattr(args, 'native', False):
             issues.append("--native")
         if not getattr(args, 'gc', True):
             issues.append("--no-gc")
+        if getattr(args, 'format', None) == "binary":
+            issues.append("--binary")
         if hasattr(args, 'mode') and args.mode != "wall":
             issues.append(f"--mode={args.mode}")
         if hasattr(args, 'all_threads') and args.all_threads:

Lib/profiling/sampling/collector.py

@@ -163,7 +163,11 @@ def collect_failed_sample(self):
 
     @abstractmethod
     def export(self, filename):
-        """Export collected data to a file."""
+        """Export collected data.
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: True if output was generated, False if there was no data to export.
+        """
 
     @staticmethod
     def _filter_internal_frames(frames):

Lib/profiling/sampling/gecko_collector.py

@@ -756,6 +756,7 @@ def spin():
         print(
             f"Open in Firefox Profiler: https://profiler.firefox.com/"
         )
+        return True
 
     def _build_marker_schema(self):
         """Build marker schema definitions for Firefox Profiler."""

Lib/profiling/sampling/heatmap_collector.py

@@ -596,7 +596,7 @@ def export(self, output_path):
         """
         if not self.file_samples:
             print("Warning: No heatmap data to export")
-            return
+            return False
 
         try:
             output_dir = self._prepare_output_directory(output_path)
@@ -610,6 +610,7 @@ def export(self, output_path):
             self._generate_index_html(output_dir / 'index.html', file_stats)
 
             self._print_export_summary(output_dir, file_stats)
+            return True
 
         except Exception as e:
             print(f"Error: Failed to export heatmap: {e}")

Lib/profiling/sampling/jsonl_collector.py

@@ -165,6 +165,7 @@ def export(self, filename):
             )
             self._write_message(output, self._build_end_record())
         print(f"JSONL profile written to {filename}")
+        return True
 
     def _build_meta_record(self):
         record = {

Lib/profiling/sampling/pstats_collector.py

@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ def collect(self, stack_frames, timestamps_us=None):
     def export(self, filename):
         self.create_stats()
         self._dump_stats(filename)
+        return True
 
     def _dump_stats(self, file):
         stats_with_marker = dict(self.stats)

Lib/profiling/sampling/stack_collector.py

@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ def export(self, filename):
             for stack, count in lines:
                 f.write(f"{stack} {count}\n")
         print(f"Collapsed stack output written to {filename}")
+        return True
 
 
 class FlamegraphCollector(StackTraceCollector):
@@ -161,14 +162,15 @@ def export(self, filename):
             print(
                 "Warning: No functions found in profiling data. Check if sampling captured any data."
             )
-            return
+            return False
 
         html_content = self._create_flamegraph_html(flamegraph_data)
 
         with open(filename, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
             f.write(html_content)
 
         print(f"Flamegraph saved to: {filename}")
+        return True
 
     @staticmethod
     @functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)

Lib/test/datetimetester.py

@@ -4119,6 +4119,11 @@ def test_strftime_special(self):
         self.assertEqual(t.strftime('\0'*1000), '\0'*1000)
         self.assertEqual(t.strftime('\0%I%p%Z\0%X'), f'\0{s1}\0{s2}')
         self.assertEqual(t.strftime('%I%p%Z\0%X\0'), f'{s1}\0{s2}\0')
+        # gh-152305: the year directives must not raise on a time.
+        for directive, expected in (('%Y', '1900'), ('%G', '1900'),
+                                    ('%C', '19'), ('%F', '1900-01-01')):
+            with self.subTest(directive=directive):
+                self.assertEqual(t.strftime(directive), expected)
 
     def test_format(self):
         t = self.theclass(1, 2, 3, 4)