docs: add MkDocs documentation site and expand README

[vc1492a]

Summary

• Adds a full MkDocs documentation site (Material theme, monochrome) with pages for: algorithm explanation, getting started, user guide, examples, API reference, contributing, and changelog
• Expands the README with two new sections: "How It Works" (LoOP algorithm pipeline) and "Exceptions and Error Handling" (custom exception hierarchy)
• Adds a documentation badge and links to the hosted docs in the README
• Updates commit message guidelines to remove release-please references
• Adds a GitHub Actions workflow (.github/workflows/docs.yml) that deploys docs to GitHub Pages on push to main

Before merging

• Preview docs locally with mkdocs serve
• Set GitHub Pages source to gh-pages / / (root) in repo settings
• Review all docs pages for accuracy

Closes #34

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